The Transformation of Indonesia's Criminal Law System: Comprehensive Comparison between the Old and New Penal Codes

Roby Satya Nugraha; Edi Rohaedi; Nandang Kusnadi; Abid Abid

doi:10.46257/jrh.v29i1.1169

Authors

Roby Satya Nugraha Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Pakuan, Bogor, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6797-6393
Edi Rohaedi Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Pakuan, Bogor, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-6086
Nandang Kusnadi Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Pakuan, Bogor, Indonesia
Abid Abid Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Pakuan, Bogor, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46257/jrh.v29i1.1169

Keywords:

Criminal Law, Comparative Law, Legal Reform, National Penal Code

Abstract

The old Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP), inherited from the Dutch Penal Code (Wetboek van Strafrecht), is considered no longer relevant to the values of justice and the needs of contemporary Indonesian society. This study aims to compare the criminal law system and the criminal justice system under the new Penal Code, as well as to conduct an in-depth analysis of the fundamental legal principles embedded in both the old and new KUHP. The research employs a normative juridical method with comparative legal approach, analyzing the legal norms within both codes to identify substantial changes. The result indicate that the new KUHP reflects a paradigm shift from a repressive legal system to a more humanistic and restorative model, emphasizing human rights protection, gender-based justice, and the recognition of modern crimes such as sexual violence and organized crime. It also introduces alternative sanctions, including community service and rehabilitation, as efforts to support social reintegration. In conclusion, the new KUHP is not merely a replacement of the old KUHP but a progressive step toward a more inclusive and contextually appropriate criminal law system. Comprehensive implementing regulations and ongoing evaluation are essential to ensure its effective application and real impact on society.

Downloads

References

Adinda, D., Salam, A., Ramadhan, A., Narendra, A., Anasti, M., & Yanto, J. (2024). Politik Hukum Dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana di Indonesia. Wathan: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 1(1), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.71153/wathan.v1i1.16

Parindo, D., Daeng, Y., Atmaja, A. S., Putra, H. R., & Berson, H. (2024). Penerapan Konsep Dasar HAM dan Pembaharuan Tiga Pilar Utama Hukum Pidana dalam KUHP Baru UU No. 01 Tahun 2023. Jurnal Hukum Indonesia, 3(3), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.58344/jhi.v3i3.796

Saefudin, Y. (2021). Living Law in The Perspective of Progressive Law: The Urgency of Its Regulation in The Draft Indonesian Criminal Code. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 21(2), 358. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2021.21.2.3526

Hartanto, H. (2024). Fenomena Penerapan Hukum Pidana Modern Tahun 2026. Al-Adl : Jurnal Hukum, 16(2), 58. https://doi.org/10.31602/al-adl.v16i2.12161

Ramadhani, M. (2024). Tantangan Implementasi Pengakuan Hukum Adat dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Baru di Indonesia. COMSERVA : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, 4(3), 714–722. https://doi.org/10.59141/comserva.v4i3.1394

Anugrah, R., & Desril, R. (2021). Kebijakan Formulasi Pidana Mati Dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 3(1), 80–95. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v3i1.80-95

Mahmud, A., Firman, C. A., & Syawali, H. (2023). Urgensi Penerapan Keadilan Restoratif Terhadap Tindak Pidana Ringan. Jurnal Surya Kencana Satu : Dinamika Masalah Hukum dan Keadilan, 14(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.32493/jdmhkdmhk.v14i1.29496

Sutrisna, S. M. D. (2023). Hukum Acara Pidana: Penerapan “Due Process Of Law.” JIHAD : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Administrasi, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.58258/jihad.v5i2.5614

Aulia, M. Z. (2018). Hukum Progresif dari Satjipto Rahardjo. Undang: Jurnal Hukum, 1(1), 159–185. https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.1.1.159-185

Wahyuningsih, S. E. (2014). Urgensi Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Materiel Indonesia Berdasarkan Nilai-Nilai Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa. Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum, 1(1), 17–23. Retrieved from https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/PH/article/view/1457

Muhammad, A. K. (2004). Hukum dan Penelitian Hukum. Bandung: Citra Aditya.

Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP).

Marzuki, P. M. (2007). Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group.

Purwoleksono, D. E. (2014). Hukum Pidana. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press (AUP).

Atmasasmita, R. (2000). Perbandingan Hukum Pidana. Bandung: Mandar Maju.

Malau, P. (2023). Tinjauan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) Baru 2023. AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam, 5(1), 837–844. https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v5i1.2815

Candra, S. (2013). Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana; Konsep Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Dalam Hukum Pidana Nasional Yang Akan Datang. JURNAL CITA HUKUM, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v1i1.2979

Syafridatati. (2022). Sistem Peradilan Pidana. Jakarta: LPPM Universitas Bung Hatta.

Atmasasmita, R. (1996). Sistem Peradilan Pidana: Perspektif Eksistensialisme dan Abolisionisme. Bandung: Bina Cipta.

Sudaryono, & Surbakti, N. (2017). Hukum Pidana: Dasar-Dasar Hukum Pidana Berdasarkan KUHP dan RUU KUHP. Surakarta: MUP UMS.

Fitri, F. A., Muftia, N., Trilia, I., Munthe, A. H., & Ramlan, R. (2024). Tinjauan Teoritis tentang Asas Legalitas dalam Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Jimmi: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Multidisiplin, 1(2), 202–209. https://doi.org/10.71153/jimmi.v1i2.134

Kristiyadi. (2023). Pergeseran Asas Legalitas Dalam Pembaruan Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Jurnal Dunia Ilmu Hukum (JURDIKUM), 1(1), 25–27. https://doi.org/10.59435/jurdikum.v1i1.100

Suartha, I. D. M. (2015). Pergeseran Asas Legalitas Formal Ke Formal Dan Material Dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Nasional. Yustisia Jurnal Hukum, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v4i1.8640

Sitorus, T., Harahap, M. R., Sembiring, F., & Hasibuan, S. A. (2023). Development of the Principle of Legality in Indonesian Criminal Law. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science, 2(01), 278–285. https://doi.org/10.59653/ijmars.v2i01.418

Amir, F., Meifani, M. T. A., Satriadi, Setiyono, A., Miko, & Kristhy, M. E. (2023). Implementation of the Legality Principle in the Criminal Justice System of Indonesia. Journal of Political And Legal Sovereignty, 1(2), 123–129. https://doi.org/10.38142/jpls.v1i2.139

Santoso, T. (2020). Asas Teritorialitas Dalam Hukum Pidana Indonesia: Pengertian Dan Perkembangannya. Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Kriminologi, 1(1), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.51370/jhpk.v1i1.1

Republik Indonesia. Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP).

Sulihin, L. O. M. (2019). Kekuatan Berlakunya Hukum Pidana Nasional Terhadap Warga Negara Indonesia yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana di Negara Lain. Halu Oleo Law Review, 3(2), 252. https://doi.org/10.33561/holrev.v3i2.7105

Putri, D. K. (2022). Urgensi Asas Subsider Pada Pengaturan Asas Universal Dalam Rancangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 51(2), 162–170. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.51.2.2022.162-170

Krisnan, J. (2008). Sistem Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Dalam Perspektif Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Nasional (Doctoral Dissertation). Program Pascasarjana Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.

Situngkir, D. A. (2023). Yurisdiksi Universal Dan Keutamaan Negara Locus Delicti Untuk Mengadili Pelaku Kejahatan Internasional. Journal of Global Legal Review, 1(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.59963/jglegar.v1i1.186

Yanto, A., & Hikmah, F. (2023). Akomodasi Hukum Yang Hidup Dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Nasional Menurut Perspektif Asas Legalitas. Recht Studiosum Law Review, 2(2), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.32734/rslr.v2i2.14162

Kathleen, D., & Rick, S. (2017). Criminal Justice System : Aims and Processes. Sydney: Lawbook.co.

Nidhiprabha, B. (2019). Macroeconomic policy for emerging markets: lessons from Thailand. Abingdon, Oxon New York, NY: Taylor & Francis (CAM).

Neikova, M. (2024). Legal Approach to Implementing Security Measures for Combatting Threats to National Critical Infrastructures. Environment. Technologies. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, 4, 190–193. https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2024vol4.8240

Chakrabarti, N. K., & Mitra, Dr. A. (2020). Universal Criminal Jurisdiction and International Cooperation as Legislative Policy to Combat Terrorism: A Comparative Study of Domestic Legislations of Different Nations. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 12(05-SPECIAL ISSUE), 1248–1253. https://doi.org/10.5373/JARDCS/V12SP5/20201882

Al-Haj, A. A. (2024). The Concept of Global Jurisdiction in International Law Pertaining to the Crime of Genocide. Pakistan Journal of Criminology, (16.3), 311–326. https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.3.311.326

Suprunova, I. (2024). International Organizations and their Role in Combating Terrorism and Terrorist Financing. Economic Affairs, 69(1s). https://doi.org/10.46852/0424-2513.1.2024.20

Hubrecht, J. (2019). Does the International Criminal Court still have a role to play on the global stage? [La Cour pénale internationale pèse-t-elle encore sur l’échiquier mondial?]. Politique étrangère, Hiver(4), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.3917/pe.194.0023

Moeljatno. (2000). Asas-Asas Hukum Pidana. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Erik, J. (2011). Thesis : A Study Of Theory And Practice Of Effective Law Enforcement (Thesis). Loyola University Chicago, Chicago.

Erik, J. (2018). Introduction to the laws Of Timor-Leste Criminal Law. California: Stanford Law School.